About the condition
Big toe Osteoarthritis (Hallux Limitus)
What is Big toe Osteoarthritis (Hallux Limitus)? 1st MTP
osteoarthritis, also known as hallux limitus, is a degenerative joint
disease that affects the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint, which
is the joint at the base of the big toe. It occurs when the cartilage
that cushions the joint wears down over time, leading to pain,
stiffness, and reduced range of motion. It is the most common
incidental finding on Xrays of feet (ie causes no pain).
Symptoms
• Pain and stiffness in the big toe joint, especially during
walking or standing.
• Swelling and tenderness around the joint.
• Reduced range of motion in the big toe.
• Development of bone spurs around the joint.
Causes
• Aging and wear and tear on the joint.
• Previous injuries to the big toe joint, such as fractures or
sprains.
• Genetic predisposition to osteoarthritis.
• Repetitive stress on the big toe joint.
• Secondary to deformity like Hallux Valgus.
• Biomechanics and Gait.
Diagnosis A podiatrist will diagnose 1st MTP osteoarthritis based on
your medical history and a physical examination of your foot.
Imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans may be used to
assess the severity of the condition and rule out other causes of foot
pain. Often the joint may be asymptomatic itself but compensation
can cause pain and injury elsewhere in the foot over time.
Treatment
• Relative Rest: Avoid activities that put stress on the big toe
joint.
• Footwear: Wear supportive shoes with a wide toe box and
good longitudinal support, often with a rocker forefoot like a
HOKA.
• Orthotics: Use custom orthotic devices to support your feet
and reduce pressure on the big toe joint.
• Medication: Take over-the-counter analgesics or NSAIDs.
• Physical Therapy: A physiotherapist can provide exercises
and treatments to help alleviate pain and improve foot
function.
• Injections: Corticosteroid injections are often used to reduce
inflammation. other injections may be helpful in early stages.
• Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to
repair or fuse the damaged joint.
Prevention
• Maintain a healthy weight.
• Wear supportive footwear.
• Avoid high-impact activities that put stress on the big toe joint.
• Stretch and strengthen the muscles around the foot and
ankle.
• Gradually increase the intensity of your physical activities.
